
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Over-time changes in between-group polarization (overlap)</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="11" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="10">Outcome: Overlap coefficient</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Age groups</td><td colspan="2">Income groups</td><td colspan="2">Work groups</td><td colspan="2">Educ. groups</td><td colspan="2">Ideo. groups</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>M5</td><td>M6</td><td>M7</td><td>M8</td><td>M9</td><td>M10</td><td>M11</td><td>M12</td><td>M13</td><td>M14</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Year (0-18)</td><td>-0.003<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.003<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.002<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.003<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0005</td><td>-0.002<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0005)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0005)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0005)</td><td>(0.0005)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Periphery (0,1)</td><td></td><td>-0.01</td><td></td><td>-0.03</td><td></td><td>0.003</td><td></td><td>0.04</td><td></td><td>0.02</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.02)</td><td></td><td>(0.02)</td><td></td><td>(0.02)</td><td></td><td>(0.03)</td><td></td><td>(0.03)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Year x Periphery</td><td></td><td>0.0004</td><td></td><td>0.001</td><td></td><td>0.003<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td>0.0004</td><td></td><td>-0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>0.91<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.91<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.93<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.93<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.90<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.90<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.87<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.87<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.92<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.91<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.01)</td><td>(0.02)</td><td>(0.02)</td><td>(0.02)</td><td>(0.02)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Observations</td><td>195</td><td>195</td><td>193</td><td>193</td><td>195</td><td>195</td><td>162</td><td>162</td><td>195</td><td>195</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">R<sup>2</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.63</td><td>0.39</td><td>0.39</td><td>0.52</td><td>0.54</td><td>0.51</td><td>0.51</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.43</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="11" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"><em>Note:</em></td><td colspan="10" style="text-align:right"><sup>*</sup>p<0.05; <sup>**</sup>p<0.01; <sup>***</sup>p<0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="10" style="text-align:right">Data: European Social Survey, 2002-2020. The models include country fixed-effects.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="10" style="text-align:right">Time variable rescaled so that year '2002' corresponds to value '0'.</td></tr>
</table>
